École normale supérieure
An () or ENS is a type of publicly funded higher education institution in France. A portion of the student body, admitted via a highly-selective competitive examination process, are French civil servants and are known as ''normaliens''. ENSes also offers master's degrees, and can be compared to "Institutes for Advanced Studies". They constitute the top level of research-training education in the French university system.The history of ''écoles normales supérieures'' goes back to 30 October 1794 (''9 brumaire an III''), when ''École normale de l'an III'' was established during the French Revolution. The school was subsequently reestablished as ''pensionnat normal'' from 1808 to 1822, before being recreated in 1826 and taking the name of ''École normale'' in 1830. When institutes for primary teachers training called ''écoles normales'' were created in 1845, the word ''supérieure'' (meaning upper) was added to form the current name.
The Savary Law of 1984 restructured higher education in France and classified ''écoles normales supérieures'' within the category of ''établissements publics à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel''.
As of January 2014, there are four existing ENSes: *, located in Paris *, located in Lyon *, located in Gif-sur-Yvette, near Paris *, located in Rennes
A twin institution has existed in Italy since its foundation by Napoleon Bonaparte, the ''Scuola Normale Superiore'' in Pisa. Provided by Wikipedia
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41Publications de la Sorbonne 2013Book
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42Presses universitaires de Paris-Ouest impr. 2010Book
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43Book
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44Presses de l'École normale supérieure 1985Book
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45by Bersani Jacques, Raimond Michel, Tadié Jean-Yves enseignant en littérature moderne
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46
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47by Blanchard André mathématicien, Cartier Pierre mathématicien, Lazard Michel, Bruhat François, Serre Jean-Pierre mathématicien, Séminaire Sophus Lie
Secrétariat Mathématique, École normale supérieure 1955Book -
48Ecole normale supérieure de jeunes filles [19..]-Volume Holdings :
BU Sciences : vol. 13 (1981) ; vol. 18 (1982) ; vol. 21 (1982) ; vol. 33 (1986), Cote : cotes diverses
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49Créaphis impr. 2006Book
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50by Écrire, compter, mesurer
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51J. Vrin 2008Book
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52O. Jacob impr. 2004Book
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53École normale supérieure de jeunes filles 1982Book
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54ENS éd. 2014Access to this resource is handle by Nantes Université library.
Full text Nantes Université
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56Birkhäuser 1983Book
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57by Val Julián CarmenAvailable online : Online Via La conquête de l'Amérique espagnole et la question du droit
ENS Éditions 1996
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58Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon 1, IUFM DL 2007, cop. 2007Available online : Online Via La France et l'Algérie
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59OpenEdition Books 2014Access to this resource is handle by Nantes Université library.
Full text Nantes Université
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60la Découverte impr. 2008Available online : Online Via Pour une histoire franco-algérienne
Actes du colloque consultables à l'adresse
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